Social media platforms are dynamic ecosystems where user behaviors, relationships, and interactions constantly shift. The way users connect, communicate, and consume information evolves rapidly, driven by countless daily interactions. Every day, thousands of accounts start or stop following others, reshaping the informational environments users inhabit and influencing how content spreads across networks. These subtle yet continuous changes reveal the fluid and complex nature of digital ecosystems, raising important questions about the mechanisms that drive user engagement and content exposure. Among these, the concept of echo chambers stands out as particularly intriguing and often misunderstood, frequently being confused with information bubbles:

• do echo chambers act like black holes, trapping users once they enter, making it nearly impossible to escape?
• or is their pull weak, allowing users to access diverse information from those with similar and opposing views alike?
• perhaps competing forces exist, causing users to move from one echo chamber to another?

Answers to these questions can be found in the chapter “The Dynamics of Political Echo Chambers in a Multiparty Political System: A Case Study of the Polish Twittersphere,” authored by Prof. Paweł Matuszewski, Collegium Civitas lecturer. The chapter is featured in the book “Elections and Social Networks around the World,” edited by Erika Guevara and Anaïs Theviot, and published by Routledge.

Prof. Matuszewski conducted an extensive analysis of Twitter (now X) user activity between December 2020 and June 2022. His research focused on interactions with key figures in Polish politics, including leaders of major political parties, members of both chambers of the Polish Parliament, and Polish representatives in the European Parliament.

The e-book or print edition of the book is available for purchase on the publisher’s website .